PlanetCatfish.com - The Aquarium Catfishes website (2024)

[changes]
Desc_by changed to [Singh, Kosygin, Rath & Gurumayum] from [].

Year changed to [2023] from [0].

Original_desc changed to [y] from [-].

Type_locality changed to [Siking stream, a tributary of Siang River near Yingkiong, Brahmaputra River drainage, Upper Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh, India, 28°9'N, 95°00'E.] from [India, Arunachal Pradesh, Upper Siang District, Siking stream a tributary of Siang River near Yingkiong (Brahmaputra River drainage), 28°9' N, 95°00' E.].

Type_loc_lat changed to [28.15] from [0].

Type_loc_long changed to [95] from [0].

Literature changed to [Journal of Ichthyology In press, pp [3], Figs. 1, 2a.] from [].

Genus_identification changed to [Sisorid catfishes of the genus Glyptothorax Blyth are benthic inhabitants of torrential waters of rivers and streams in montane and submontane parts of tropical Asia. The members of the genus are adapted to attach themselves to rocks and boulders against strong currents by means of a thoracic adhesive apparatus comprising grooves and folded pleats of skin parallel or oblique to the longitudinal axis of the body. The genus has a wide distribution, ranging from Turkey and Syria in the west, to India and China in the east, and extending further southeastward to Indonesia. With 84 nominal species, Glyptothorax are the most speciose genus of catfishes in Asia (Eschmeyer et al., 1998, Ng, 2005); 67 species were treated as valid by Thomson & Page (2006).] from [Sisorid catfishes of the genus Glyptothorax Blyth are benthic inhabitants of torrential waters of rivers and streams in montane and submontane parts of tropical Asia. The members of the genus are adapted to attach themselves to rocks and boulders against strong currents by means of a thoracic adhesive apparatus comprising grooves and folded pleats of skin parallel or oblique to the longitudinal axis of the body. The genus has a wide distribution, ranging from Turkey and Syria in the west, to India and China in the east, and extending further southeastward to Indonesia. With 84 nominal species, Glyptothorax are the most speciose genus of catfishes in Asia (Eschmeyer et al., 1998, Ng, 2005); 67 species were treated as valid by Thomson & Page (2006).].

[changes]
Brazil_negative_list changed to [n] from [].

Etymology changed to [imitator = alluding to the fact that this species shares, identically, the patterning of Corydoras melanistus.] from [imitator = alluding to the fact that this species shares, identically, the patterning of Corydoras melanistus.].

Identification changed to [Only potentially confused with the aforementioned species of Corydoras. Anything more than a quick glance reveals the long barbels and naked flanks.] from [Only potentially confused with the aforementioned species of Corydoras. Anything more than a quick glance reveals the long barbels and naked flanks.].

Water changed to [Hardness up to 18°dGH.] from [Hardness up to 18°dGH.].

Furniture changed to [An open expanse of gravel for this fish to interact with its conspecifics or Corydoras is necessary to see it at its best. Floating plants will diffuse overhead light and thus allow the fish a greater sense of security when out in the open. The swimming area should be bordered with suitable sized hiding places structured to allow this fast swimming fish both quick entry and exit.] from [An open expanse of gravel for this fish to interact with its conspecifics or Corydoras is necessary to see it at its best. Floating plants will diffuse overhead light and thus allow the fish a greater sense of security when out in the open. The swimming area should be bordered with suitable sized hiding places structured to allow this fast swimming fish both quick entry and exit.].

Compatibility changed to [A peaceful fish both with its own species and with Corydoras. The only drawback is that it will eat small tetras and young fish. Fish larger than 1'' are too large to eat and will not otherwise be molested.] from [A peaceful fish both with its own species and with Corydoras. The only drawback is that it will eat small tetras and young fish. Fish larger than 1'' are too large to eat and will not otherwise be molested.].

Tankmates changed to [Most small to medium sized community fish are ideal. Tetras, Rasboras and Rainbowfish would all do well. The mimic nature of this fish suggests that you should keep similarly marked Corydoras species with this fish. The exact purpose of this is as yet unknown and the insight of aquarists are important in unravelling this mysterious fish.] from [Most small to medium sized community fish are ideal. Tetras, Rasboras and Rainbowfish would all do well. The mimic nature of this fish suggests that you should keep similarly marked Corydoras species with this fish. The exact purpose of this is as yet unknown and the insight of aquarists are important in unravelling this mysterious fish.].

Breeding changed to [A report of a failed spawning (eggs didn't develop) for this species was published by Trevor Norris in the April 1986 journal of the Catfish Association of Great Britain (CAGB). A group of these fish started spawning when their Corydoras melanistius tankmates spawned. The corys laid eggs on the glass, whereas the B. inimtator stuck their eggs to the leaves of large Vallisneria plants. The water was soft and slightly acidic.] from [Unknown.].

[changes]
Desc_by changed to [Ng & Kottelat] from [Ng & Kottelat].

Type_locality changed to [Thein Lin Chaung at Thein Lin Village, east of Bhamo, Kachin State, Myanmar, 24°11'1"N, 97°15'30"E.] from [Myanmar: Kachin State: Thein Lin Chaung at Thein Lin village, E of Bhamo, 24°11′1″N 97°15′30″E.].

Type_loc_lat changed to [24.183611111111] from [0].

Type_loc_long changed to [97.258333333333] from [0].

Etymology changed to [The specific name comes from the Latin noun celator, meaning a concealer or hider, and is used in allusion to its close similarity to (and misidentification with) M. pulcher.] from [The specific name comes from the Latin noun celator, meaning a concealer or hider, and is used in allusion to its close similarity to (and misidentification with) M. pulcher.].

Literature changed to [Vertebrate Zoology v. 73, pp 982, Figs. 2, 6, 7.] from [Vertebrate Zoology 73, 2023, 981–990.].

Genus_identification changed to [Fishes of the genus Mystus Scopoli are small to medium-sized bagrid catfishes occurring in South Asia. Roberts (1994) recognized Mystus to have an elongate cranial fontanel reaching up to the base of the occipital process, long maxillary barbel, very long adipose fin, 11–30 gill rakers on the first gill arch and 37–46 total vertebrae, about equally divided between abdominal and caudal regions. He included only eight species under the genus. Mo (1991) characterized the genus to have a thin needle-like first infraorbital, twisted and thickened metapterygoid loosely attached to the quadrate by means of ligament or a small extent of cartilage. Jayaram & Sanyal (2003) and Ferraris (2007) respectively listed 44 and 33 species of Mystus as valid.] from [Fishes of the genus Mystus Scopoli are small to medium-sized bagrid catfishes occurring in South Asia. Roberts (1994) recognized Mystus to have an elongate cranial fontanel reaching up to the base of the occipital process, long maxillary barbel, very long adipose fin, 11–30 gill rakers on the first gill arch and 37–46 total vertebrae, about equally divided between abdominal and caudal regions. He included only eight species under the genus. Mo (1991) characterized the genus to have a thin needle-like first infraorbital, twisted and thickened metapterygoid loosely attached to the quadrate by means of ligament or a small extent of cartilage. Jayaram & Sanyal (2003) and Ferraris (2007) respectively listed 44 and 33 species of Mystus as valid.].

[changes]
Desc_by changed to [Chaves, Oliveira, Gonçalves, Sousa & Rapp Py-Daniel] from [].

Year changed to [2023] from [0].

Original_desc changed to [y] from [-].

Type_locality changed to [Xingu River, about 3.5 km downstream from BR-230, Senador José Porfírio, Pará, Brazil, 03°06'18.90"S, 51°43'28.30"W.] from [].

Type_loc_lat changed to [-3.10525] from [0].

Type_loc_long changed to [-51.724527777778] from [0].

Literature changed to [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 21 (no. 3), pp 4, Figs. 1-3, 5.] from [].

Feeding changed to [Reportedly a good algae-eater.] from [Reportedly a good algae-eater. ].

[changes]
Brazil_negative_list changed to [n] from [].

Literature changed to [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15, pp 508.
Armbruster, J.W. (2005). Neotrop. ichthyol., 3(4):549-569.] from [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15, pp 508.].

Literature_url changed to [https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252005000400013] from [].

Genus_identification changed to [Adult Lasiancistrus can be separated from all other loricariids by the presence of whisker-like odontodes on the cheeks. In addition, they have evertible cheek odontodes; three rows of plates on the caudal peduncle; and a modified, bar-shaped opercle. The caudal fin is slightly emarginate to forked, with the lower lobe longer than upper. Nuptial males have tentacules on the pectoral-fin spines longer than their associated odontodes; and transluscent tentacules on the snout that have odontodes associated with them. Nuptial males lack hypertrophied odontodes on top of the head and lack long, bristle-like odontodes on the leading edge of the pectoral-fin spine.] from [Adult Lasiancistrus can be separated from all other loricariids by the presence of whisker-like odontodes on the cheeks. In addition, they have evertible cheek odontodes; three rows of plates on the caudal peduncle; and a modified, bar-shaped opercle. The caudal fin is slightly emarginate to forked, with the lower lobe longer than upper. Nuptial males have tentacules on the pectoral-fin spines longer than their associated odontodes; and transluscent tentacules on the snout that have odontodes associated with them. Nuptial males lack hypertrophied odontodes on top of the head and lack long, bristle-like odontodes on the leading edge of the pectoral-fin spine.].

Identification changed to [L. guacharote is one of two described species of Trans-Andean Lasiancistrus (the other being L. mayoloi) which possess a dark body color with light spots on the head and nape. L. guacharote can be distinguished from L. mayoloi by the former having one to a few small bony plates in the abdominal skin medial to the insertion of each pectoral spine. Additionally, L. guacharote is covered with round spots on the head and body, whereas L. mayoloi has ovoid, triangular or irregular spots restricted to the head and nape, with wavy stripes on the lateral flanks.] from [].

Genus_sexing changed to [Snout of nuptial males almost square (vs. rounded in females and juveniles). Adult males of most species (except Lasiancistrus tentaculatus) with whisker-like odontodes at anterolateral corner of snout; males of L. tentaculatus have tentacules instead of whisker-like odontodes along anterior margin of snout. Nuptial males have tentacules longer than their associated odontodes on the pectoral-fin spine.] from [Snout of nuptial males almost square (vs. rounded in females and juveniles). Adult males of most species (except Lasiancistrus tentaculatus) with whisker-like odontodes at anterolateral corner of snout; males of L. tentaculatus have tentacules instead of whisker-like odontodes along anterior margin of snout. Nuptial males have tentacules longer than their associated odontodes on the pectoral-fin spine.].

Distribution changed to [South America: Lake Maracaibo basin, Venezuela and Colombia.] from [Central America: Puerto Rico.].

[changes]
Desc_by changed to [Datovo, Ochoa, Vita, Presti, Ohara & Pinna] from [].

Year changed to [2023] from [0].

Original_desc changed to [y] from [].

Type_locality changed to [Rio Ipixuna, mouth of Lago Comprido, rio Purus drainage, Amazon basin, Humaitá Municipality, Amazonas State, Brazil, 07°30'37"S, 63°20'23"W.] from [].

Type_loc_lat changed to [-7.5102777777778] from [0].

Type_loc_long changed to [-63.339722222222] from [0].

Literature changed to [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 21 (no. 3): e230076, pp 4, Figs. 1-9.] from [].

[changes]
Year changed to [1930] from [1929].

Type_locality changed to [Louessé River, affluent of Kouilou River, Gabon.] from [Louessé River, affluent of Kouilou River, Gabon.].

Genus_etymology changed to [Amphilius: Not clear; probably from the Greek amphi, meaning both sides and leios, meaning smooth.] from [Amphilius: Not clear; probably from the Greek amphi, meaning both sides and leios, meaning smooth.].

Literature changed to [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 54 (no. 6) [for 1929], pp 640, Fig. 1.] from [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 54, pp 640, Fig. 1.].

Genus_identification changed to [Most amphiliid species are found in fast-flowing water of clear, rocky streams at high elevations or rapids of large lowland rivers (Berra 2001; Roberts 2003).basins (Seegers et al. 2003). Species of Amphilius are adapted for fast flow and rocky habitats (Skelton 1986). Morphological adaptations for these habitats include expanded pectoral and pelvic fins with a thickened first ray, depressed body, dorsally directed eyes and reduced swim bladder (Skelton 1986; Walsh et al. 2000). The large pelvic fins form, in conjunction with the body, a feeble sucking disc that enables the fish to cling to rocks (Jackson 1961b).] from [Most amphiliid species are found in fast-flowing water of clear, rocky streams at high elevations or rapids of large lowland rivers (Berra 2001; Roberts 2003).basins (Seegers et al. 2003). Species of Amphilius are adapted for fast flow and rocky habitats (Skelton 1986). Morphological adaptations for these habitats include expanded pectoral and pelvic fins with a thickened first ray, depressed body, dorsally directed eyes and reduced swim bladder (Skelton 1986; Walsh et al. 2000). The large pelvic fins form, in conjunction with the body, a feeble sucking disc that enables the fish to cling to rocks (Jackson 1961b).].

Genus_feeding changed to [The diet of Amphilius species has been reported to consist predominantly of benthic aquatic insects (Marriott et al. 1997; Skelton 2001; Walsh et al. 2000).] from [The diet of Amphilius species has been reported to consist predominantly of benthic aquatic insects (Marriott et al. 1997; Skelton 2001; Walsh et al. 2000).].

[changes]
Desc_by changed to [Radhakrishnan, Sivanpillai & Ng] from [Radhakrishnan, Sureshkumar & Ng].

Genus_identification changed to [Members of the genus Pseudolaguvia are small erethistid catfishes inhabiting hill streams and large rivers in the area bordered by the Ganges River drainage (northern India) to the west and the Sittang River drainage (east-central Myanmar) to the east. They can be distinguished from other sisorids by their small size,a combination of a thoracic adhesive apparatus with a median depression and prominent postcoracoid processes.] from [Members of the genus Pseudolaguvia are small erethistid catfishes inhabiting hill streams and large rivers in the area bordered by the Ganges River drainage (northern India) to the west and the Sittang River drainage (east-central Myanmar) to the east. They can be distinguished from other sisorids by their small size,a combination of a thoracic adhesive apparatus with a median depression and prominent postcoracoid processes.].

Identification changed to [Pseudolaguvia austrina is diagnosed from congeners in having a color pattern consisting largely of uniform pale brown body ( vs. color pattern of mottled brown body or brown body with a pattern of pale patches or transversebands), a strongly projecting snout in which the premaxillary teeth are almost entirely exposed (vs. barely exposed) when the mouth is closed , and a shorter (8.8-14.7 % SL vs. 13.9-25.6) and deeper caudal peduncle (10.3-14.7 % SL, vs.5.0-9.0). The field of the thoracic adhesive apparatus of P. austrina is also more rhomboidal, which differs from the more elongate, elliptical shape seen in all congeners except P. foveolata.] from [Pseudolaguvia austrina is diagnosed from congeners in having a color pattern consisting largely of uniform pale brown body ( vs. color pattern of mottled brown body or brown body with a pattern of pale patches or transversebands), a strongly projecting snout in which the premaxillary teeth are almost entirely exposed (vs. barely exposed) when the mouth is closed , and a shorter (8.8-14.7 % SL vs. 13.9-25.6) and deeper caudal peduncle (10.3-14.7 % SL, vs.5.0-9.0). The field of the thoracic adhesive apparatus of P. austrina is also more rhomboidal, which differs from the more elongate, elliptical shape seen in all congeners except P. foveolata.].

General changed to [It is very likely that this species has not been exported for the trade as yet but general care will be very similar to that of other Pseudolaguvia species. This is the first record of this genus in peninsular India.] from [It is very likely that this species has not been exported for the trade as yet but general care will be very similar to that of other Pseudolaguvia species. This is the first record of this genus in peninsular India.].

Water changed to [The water should be cool and heavily oxygenated with a good flow as these fish occur in hill streams. Anything above 25 C will hamper long term survival as these fish tend to burn away at higher temperatures.Pseudolaguvia austrina was collected from the small crevices of a sand barrier built across the river with a moderate water depth (ca.15 cm) and current velocity (0.25-0.40 m · s–1). The habitat was riffle-pool type. The water was well oxygenated with dissolved oxygen 7-8 ppm anda pH of 7.5-8.0. Some of the specimens were also collected from the adjoining clayey area with clumps of leaf litter. Samplings were carried out during the hot and dry fortnight periods in premonsoon season, during March, when water was clear and atmospheric temperature 32-35 °C.] from [The water should be cool and heavily oxygenated with a good flow as these fish occur in hill streams. Anything above 25 C will hamper long term survival as these fish tend to burn away at higher temperatures.Pseudolaguvia austrina was collected from the small crevices of a sand barrier built across the river with a moderate water depth (ca.15 cm) and current velocity (0.25-0.40 m · s–1). The habitat was riffle-pool type. The water was well oxygenated with dissolved oxygen 7-8 ppm anda pH of 7.5-8.0. Some of the specimens were also collected from the adjoining clayey area with clumps of leaf litter. Samplings were carried out during the hot and dry fortnight periods in premonsoon season, during March, when water was clear and atmospheric temperature 32-35 °C.].

Genus_tankmates changed to [Cyprinids like Barilius and Danio and Balitorine loaches like Homaloptera species.] from [Cyprinids like Barilius and Danio and Balitorine loaches like Homaloptera species.].

Tankmates changed to [Cyprinids like Barilius and Danios and Balitorine loaches like Homaloptera species.Other species collected along with P.austrina include Glyptothorax madraspatanum (Sisoridae), Lepidocephalichthys thermalis (Cobitidae) and Glossogobius giuris (Gobiidae).] from [Cyprinids like Barilius and Danios and Balitorine loaches like Homaloptera species.Other species collected along with P.austrina include Glyptothorax madraspatanum (Sisoridae), Lepidocephalichthys thermalis (Cobitidae) and Glossogobius giuris (Gobiidae).].

[changes]
Desc_by changed to [Almirón, Casciotta, Bechara, Ruíz Díaz, Bruno, d] from [Almirón, Casciotta, Bechara, Ruíz Díaz, Bruno].

Type_locality changed to [Esteros del Iberá, río Corriente, Capitá Miní, 28°53'15.3"S, 58°22'02.7"W, Río Paraná basin, Argentina.] from [Esteros del Iberá, río Corriente, Capitá Miní, 28°53'15.3"S, 58°22'02.7"W, Río Paraná basin, Argentina.].

[changes]
Desc_by changed to [Provenzano] from [Provenzano-Rizzi].

Type_locality changed to [Orinoco River at sand island, circa 0.5 km upstream from Guachapana (Guachipana), Amazonas State, Venezuela, about 03°54'30"N, 66°59'30"W.] from [Orinoco River at sand island, circa 0.5 km upstream from Guachapana (Guachipana), Amazonas State, Venezuela, about 03°54'30"N, 66°59'30"W.].

[changes]
Genus_etymology changed to [From the Greek para and amphi meaning in both sides.] from [From the Greek para and amphi meaning in both sides.].

Literature changed to [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 53 (no. 6), pp 453, Fig.] from [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 53 (for 27 Nov. 1928), pp 453, Fig.].

[changes]
Type_locality changed to [Don Juan cave, Municipality of Zapatoca, Departamento de Santander, Colombia.] from [Don Juan cave, Municipality of Zapatoca, Dept. Santander, Colombia.].

[changes]
Desc_by changed to [Devi, Linthoingambi & Singh] from [].

Year changed to [2023] from [0].

Original_desc changed to [y] from [-].

Type_locality changed to [Taretlok River at Lairam Khullen, Kasom Khullen, Kamjong District, Manipur, India, 24°38'N, 16°94'E, elevation 555 meters.] from [].

Type_loc_notes changed to [The original description lists the type locality as "24°38’ N, 16°94’ E." Based on those coordinates (specifically the longitude), the location is somewhere in Libya. Conversely, from the same paper, the narrative of the type locality ("India: Manipur: Kamjong District: Taretlok River at Lairam Khullen, Kasom Khullen") is consistent with a location of 24°38’ N, 94°16’ E.] from [The original description lists the type locality as "24°38’ N, 16°94’ E." Based on those coordinates (specifically the longitude), the location is somewhere in Libya. Conversely, from the same paper, the narrative of the type locality ("India: Manipur: Kamjong District: Taretlok River at Lairam Khullen, Kasom Khullen") is consistent with a location of 24°38’ N, 94°16’ E.].

Literature changed to [Records of the Zoological Survey of India v. 123 (Special Issue II), pp 30, Figs. 2-3, 5.] from [].

Genus_identification changed to [Sisorid catfishes of the genus Glyptothorax Blyth are benthic inhabitants of torrential waters of rivers and streams in montane and submontane parts of tropical Asia. The members of the genus are adapted to attach themselves to rocks and boulders against strong currents by means of a thoracic adhesive apparatus comprising grooves and folded pleats of skin parallel or oblique to the longitudinal axis of the body. The genus has a wide distribution, ranging from Turkey and Syria in the west, to India and China in the east, and extending further southeastward to Indonesia. With 84 nominal species, Glyptothorax are the most speciose genus of catfishes in Asia (Eschmeyer et al., 1998, Ng, 2005); 67 species were treated as valid by Thomson & Page (2006).] from [Sisorid catfishes of the genus Glyptothorax Blyth are benthic inhabitants of torrential waters of rivers and streams in montane and submontane parts of tropical Asia. The members of the genus are adapted to attach themselves to rocks and boulders against strong currents by means of a thoracic adhesive apparatus comprising grooves and folded pleats of skin parallel or oblique to the longitudinal axis of the body. The genus has a wide distribution, ranging from Turkey and Syria in the west, to India and China in the east, and extending further southeastward to Indonesia. With 84 nominal species, Glyptothorax are the most speciose genus of catfishes in Asia (Eschmeyer et al., 1998, Ng, 2005); 67 species were treated as valid by Thomson & Page (2006).].

[changes]
Desc_by changed to [Poveda-Cuellar, Conde-Saldaña, Villa-Navarro, Lujan & Santos] from [].

Year changed to [2023] from [0].

Original_desc changed to [y] from [-].

Type_locality changed to [Ranchería River at Manantial de Cañaverales, La Guajira Department, Colombia, 10°45ʹ01.0"N, 72°50ʹ30.0"W, elevation 281 meters.] from [].

Type_loc_notes changed to [Changed to -72.] from [].

Type_loc_lat changed to [10] from [0].

Type_loc_long changed to [-72] from [0].

Literature changed to [Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 199 (no. 3), pp 20, Figs. 5D, 6D, 7A, 10.] from [].

Genus_identification changed to [Adult Lasiancistrus can be separated from all other loricariids by the presence of whisker-like odontodes on the cheeks. In addition, they have evertible cheek odontodes; three rows of plates on the caudal peduncle; and a modified, bar-shaped opercle. The caudal fin is slightly emarginate to forked, with the lower lobe longer than upper. Nuptial males have tentacules on the pectoral-fin spines longer than their associated odontodes; and transluscent tentacules on the snout that have odontodes associated with them. Nuptial males lack hypertrophied odontodes on top of the head and lack long, bristle-like odontodes on the leading edge of the pectoral-fin spine.] from [Adult Lasiancistrus can be separated from all other loricariids by the presence of whisker-like odontodes on the cheeks. In addition, they have evertible cheek odontodes; three rows of plates on the caudal peduncle; and a modified, bar-shaped opercle. The caudal fin is slightly emarginate to forked, with the lower lobe longer than upper. Nuptial males have tentacules on the pectoral-fin spines longer than their associated odontodes; and transluscent tentacules on the snout that have odontodes associated with them. Nuptial males lack hypertrophied odontodes on top of the head and lack long, bristle-like odontodes on the leading edge of the pectoral-fin spine.].

Genus_sexing changed to [Snout of nuptial males almost square (vs. rounded in females and juveniles). Adult males of most species (except Lasiancistrus tentaculatus) with whisker-like odontodes at anterolateral corner of snout; males of L. tentaculatus have tentacules instead of whisker-like odontodes along anterior margin of snout. Nuptial males have tentacules longer than their associated odontodes on the pectoral-fin spine.] from [Snout of nuptial males almost square (vs. rounded in females and juveniles). Adult males of most species (except Lasiancistrus tentaculatus) with whisker-like odontodes at anterolateral corner of snout; males of L. tentaculatus have tentacules instead of whisker-like odontodes along anterior margin of snout. Nuptial males have tentacules longer than their associated odontodes on the pectoral-fin spine.].

[changes]
Desc_by changed to [Cortés-Hernández, López-Castaño, Milani & DoNascimiento] from [Cortés-Hernández, López-Castaño, Milani & DoNascimiento].

Type_locality changed to [Guayuriba River, Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia, 4°03'17.8"N, 73°45'58.2"W, elevation 480 meters.] from [Guayuriba River, Villavicencio, Meta, Colombia, 4°03'17.8"N, 73°45'58.2"W, elevation 480 meters.].

Literature changed to [Journal of Fish Biology v. 103 (no. 5), pp 3, Figs. 3-4, 5b, 6.] from [Journal of Fish Biology Early view, pp 3, Figs. 3-4, 5b, 6.].

[changes]
Desc_by changed to [Londoño-Burbano, Urbano-Bonilla, Thomas & Britto] from [Londoño-Burbano, Urbano-Bonilla, Thomas & Britto].

Type_locality changed to [Río Amazon, Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia, 04°13'29"S, 69°56'49"W.] from [].

Type_loc_lat changed to [-4.2247222222222] from [0].

Type_loc_long changed to [-69.946944444444] from [0].

Literature changed to [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 21 (no. 3): e230008, pp 4, Figs. 1, 2, 6A, 7.] from [Hannes Flössholzer, Das Aquarium no. 408, June 2003, pp 20-21].

Genus_identification changed to [When young, Loricaria spp. can be differentiated from the similar Rineloricaria spp. by their more feathered sucker-mouths. In adults this difference is considerably more evident.] from [When young, Loricaria spp. can be differentiated from the similar Rineloricaria spp. by their more feathered sucker-mouths. In adults this difference is considerably more evident.].

Identification changed to [This species sports two distinctive parallel black lines starting from the snout and stopping just before the dorsal fin. A perpendicular line joins together these two lines near the dorsal fin. The parallel lines run through the eyes of the fish. Additionally this species displays a black blotch on the dorsal fins that runs onto the body but that stays in the fins range. Two further broad black lines on the caudal peduncle with a single broad black line in the middle of the caudal fin. The upper lobe of the caudal fins sports a filament in well conditioned fish.

This species is also referred to as Loricaria sp. `Colombia` - we now know it is from the Rio Atabapo hence the more specific name used here.]

This species is also referred to as Loricaria sp. `Colombia` - we now know it is from the Rio Atabapo hence the more specific name used here.].

[changes]
Desc_by changed to [Fernández, Contrera & Bize] from [].

Year changed to [2023] from [0].

Original_desc changed to [y] from [].

Type_locality changed to [Corral Blanco, Catamarca Province, Argentina.] from [].

Literature changed to [Ichthyology & Herpetology v. 111 (no. 3), pp Figs.] from [].

[changes]
Literature changed to [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 33 (no. 6/7), pp 126.] from [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 33 (for 25 June 1908), pp 126.].

[changes]
Genus_etymology changed to [The Greek trachys meaning rough and glanis meaning a catfish.] from [The Greek trachys meaning rough and glanis meaning a catfish.].

Literature changed to [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 50 (no. 2), pp 103.] from [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 50, pp 103.].

[changes]
Desc_by changed to [Ardila Rodríguez] from [].

Year changed to [2023] from [0].

Original_desc changed to [y] from [].

Type_locality changed to [Quebrada La Paramera, afluente del Río Chucurí, cuenca del Río Magdalena, municipio de San Vicente de Chucurí, Departamento de Santander, Colombia, elevation 692 meters.] from [].

Literature changed to [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 90, pp 7, Figs. 1-2, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A, 9A.] from [].

[changes]
Desc_by changed to [Ardila Rodríguez] from [].

Year changed to [2023] from [0].

Original_desc changed to [y] from [].

Type_locality changed to [Río Huertas, afluente del río Tolotá, cuenca del Río Suárez, municipio de Gámbita, Departamento de Santander, Colombia, elevation 1915 meters.] from [].

Literature changed to [Barranquilla, Departamento del Atlántico No. 90, pp 10, Figs. 3, 5B, 6B, 7B, 8B, 9B.] from [].

[changes]
Type_loc_lat changed to [34.3552] from [34.35].

Type_loc_long changed to [-93.6797] from [93.67].

[changes]
Desc_by changed to [Ng & Kottelat] from [Ng & Kottelat].

Type_locality changed to [Mae Nam Moei in vicinity of Ban Wa Le, Tak Province, Thailand, 16.290°N, 98.706°E.] from [Thailand: Tak Province, Mae Nam Moei in vicinity of Ban Wa Le.].

Type_loc_lat changed to [16.29] from [0].

Type_loc_long changed to [98.706] from [0].

Literature changed to [Journal of Natural History v. 57 (nos. 25-28), pp 1332, Figs. 1, 2a, 3, 4, 6a.] from [].

Genus_identification changed to [Sisorid catfishes of the genus Glyptothorax Blyth are benthic inhabitants of torrential waters of rivers and streams in montane and submontane parts of tropical Asia. The members of the genus are adapted to attach themselves to rocks and boulders against strong currents by means of a thoracic adhesive apparatus comprising grooves and folded pleats of skin parallel or oblique to the longitudinal axis of the body. The genus has a wide distribution, ranging from Turkey and Syria in the west, to India and China in the east, and extending further southeastward to Indonesia. With 84 nominal species, Glyptothorax are the most speciose genus of catfishes in Asia (Eschmeyer et al., 1998, Ng, 2005); 67 species were treated as valid by Thomson & Page (2006).] from [Sisorid catfishes of the genus Glyptothorax Blyth are benthic inhabitants of torrential waters of rivers and streams in montane and submontane parts of tropical Asia. The members of the genus are adapted to attach themselves to rocks and boulders against strong currents by means of a thoracic adhesive apparatus comprising grooves and folded pleats of skin parallel or oblique to the longitudinal axis of the body. The genus has a wide distribution, ranging from Turkey and Syria in the west, to India and China in the east, and extending further southeastward to Indonesia. With 84 nominal species, Glyptothorax are the most speciose genus of catfishes in Asia (Eschmeyer et al., 1998, Ng, 2005); 67 species were treated as valid by Thomson & Page (2006).].

[changes]
Type_loc_notes changed to [Holotype UMMZ 187098 coordinates (39.628628, -83.009871) available at GBIF.org.] from [].

Type_loc_lat changed to [39.628628] from [0].

Type_loc_long changed to [-83.009871] from [0].

Brazil_negative_list changed to [n] from [].

[changes]
Type_loc_notes changed to [Holotype UMMZ 167653 coordinates (38.411208, -96.11831) available at GBIF.org.] from [].

Type_loc_lat changed to [38.411208] from [0].

Type_loc_long changed to [-96.11831] from [0].

Brazil_negative_list changed to [n] from [].

[changes]
Type_loc_notes changed to [Holotype UMMZ 165843 locality coordinates (42.38477, -83.914952) available on GBIF.org.] from [].

Type_loc_lat changed to [42.38477] from [0].

Type_loc_long changed to [-83.914952] from [0].

Brazil_negative_list changed to [n] from [].

Etymology changed to [The word stigmosus literally means marked or branded. It refers to two light spots in front of dorsal fin and brownish chromatophores on front part of the abdomen.] from [The word stigmosus literally means marked or branded. It refers to two light spots in front of dorsal fin and brownish chromatophores on front part of the abdomen.].

[changes]
Genus_etymology changed to [Cory = helmet, doras = skin. In this case it was incorrectly used to mean armour (cuirasse) instead of skin in allusion to the dual rows of plates that run along the flanks of this genus.] from [Cory = helmet, doras = skin. In this case it was incorrectly used to mean armour (cuirasse) instead of skin in allusion to the dual rows of plates that run along the flanks of this genus.].

Etymology changed to [The Latin aeneus, means brazen, of copper and refers to this species' metallic green sheen when in top or natural conditions.] from [The Latin aeneus, means brazen, of copper and refers to this species' metallic green sheen when in top or natural conditions.].

Identification changed to [A very variable species. See catfish of the month link below.
Occasionally confused with Brochis spp. but can be distinguished fairly easily by the number of rays and shape of dorsal fin - Corydoras have less than ten rays, Brochis have ten or more rays.] from [A very variable species. See catfish of the month link below.
Occasionally confused with Brochis spp. but can be distinguished fairly easily by the number of rays and shape of dorsal fin - Corydoras have less than ten rays, Brochis have ten or more rays.].

Genus_sexing changed to [Males are smaller and slimmer. Females grow larger and are much wider which can most easily be observed from above.] from [].

Genus_furniture changed to [Substrate should be fine sand, bordered with driftwood and aquatic plants leaving an open area for them to search for food and swim.] from [].

Breeding changed to [Easily accomplished with captive raised stock. Some colour varieties are more challenging than others. Given the presence of a suitably egg-laden female and a mature male or two, spawning can be triggered by a large, cool water change. Try changing 30-40% of the aquarium water (at 21°C) and bring the temperature down to 16°C. Do this slowly over an hour or two.The fish should respond by spawning in the classic 'T' formation method.
Here, using one of his pectoral fins, the male clamps the female to his side by her barbels and fertilizes a small batch of eggs held within the protective basket formed by her pelvic fins. The adhesive eggs are then placed on plants or aquarium walls and the process repeated. The eggs take 3-4 days to hatch. It is safe to leave well fed parents with the eggs, but some breeders prefer to remove the eggs, or indeed parents, to avoid any temptation of an easy snack.
For the first few days of their life, pre-soaked powdered flake food should be fed to the fry. After the first 3 or 4 days, newly hatched brineshrimp can also be sparingly used to bring on the fishes growth. As the fish grow more and more foods can be offered in line with the size of the developing juveniles. Adult colouration is reached in around nine weeks.] from [Easily accomplished with captive raised stock. Some colour varieties are more challenging than others. Given the presence of a suitably egg-laden female and a mature male or two, spawning can be triggered by a large, cool water change. Try changing 30-40% of the aquarium water (at 21°C) and bring the temperature down to 16°C. Do this slowly over an hour or two.The fish should respond by spawning in the classic 'T' formation method.
Here, using one of his pectoral fins, the male clamps the female to his side by her barbels and fertilizes a small batch of eggs held within the protective basket formed by her pelvic fins. The adhesive eggs are then placed on plants or aquarium walls and the process repeated. The eggs take 3-4 days to hatch. It is safe to leave well fed parents with the eggs, but some breeders prefer to remove the eggs, or indeed parents, to avoid any temptation of an easy snack.
For the first few days of their life, pre-soaked powdered flake food should be fed to the fry. After the first 3 or 4 days, newly hatched brineshrimp can also be sparingly used to bring on the fishes growth. As the fish grow more and more foods can be offered in line with the size of the developing juveniles. Adult colouration is reached in around nine weeks.].

[changes]
Desc_by changed to [Muñoz-Ramírez, Colin, Canales-Aguirre, Manosalva, López-Rodríguez et al.] from [].

Year changed to [2023] from [0].

Original_desc changed to [y] from [].

Type_locality changed to [Lia River, Carampangue basin, Chile.] from [].

Literature changed to [Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution v. 189, pp 6.] from [].

[changes]
Desc_by changed to [Muñoz-Ramírez, Colin, Canales-Aguirre, Manosalva, López-Rodríguez et al.] from [].

Year changed to [2023] from [0].

Original_desc changed to [y] from [].

Type_locality changed to [Bueno River, Bueno basin, Chile.] from [].

Literature changed to [Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution v. 189, pp 7.] from [].

[changes]
Desc_by changed to [Costa, Feltrin & Katz] from [].

Year changed to [2023] from [0].

Original_desc changed to [y] from [].

Type_locality changed to [Rio Passinho Fundo, tributary of Rio Forquilha, Rio Uruguai basin, near the road BR-285, between Lagoa Vermelha and Caseiros, Lagoa Vermelha Municipality, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, 28°12'40"S, 51°33'42"W, elevation about 710 meters.] from [].

Type_loc_lat changed to [-28.211111111111] from [0].

Type_loc_long changed to [-51.561666666667] from [0].

Literature changed to [Zoologischer Anzeiger In press, pp Figs. 2, 3A, 4A-C.] from [].

[changes]
Desc_by changed to [Costa, Feltrin & Katz] from [].

Year changed to [2023] from [0].

Original_desc changed to [y] from [].

Type_locality changed to [Rio dos Touros, tributary of Rio Pelotas, Rio Uruguai basin, Bom Jesus Municipality, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, 28°40'35"S, 50°12'06"W, elevation about 1,050 meters.] from [].

Type_loc_lat changed to [-28.676388888889] from [0].

Type_loc_long changed to [-50.201666666667] from [0].

Literature changed to [Zoologischer Anzeiger In press, pp Figs. 3B, 4D-F, 7.] from [].

[changes]
Desc_by changed to [Costa, Katz & Vilardo] from [].

Year changed to [2023] from [0].

Original_desc changed to [y] from [].

Type_locality changed to [Ribeirão Félix, upper Rio Casca drainage, Rio Doce basin, Serra do Brigadeiro, Araponga Municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 20°41'31"S, 42°29'52"W, elevation about 1,100 meters.] from [].

Type_loc_lat changed to [-20.691944444444] from [0].

Type_loc_long changed to [-42.497777777778] from [0].

Literature changed to [Fishes v. 8: 474, pp 6, Figs. 3A, 4, 5A, 6A, 7A.] from [].

[changes]
Desc_by changed to [Costa, Barbosa & Katz] from [].

Year changed to [2023] from [0].

Original_desc changed to [y] from [].

Type_locality changed to [Córrego Feio, tributary of Rio José Pedro, Rio Manhuaçu drainage, Rio Doce basin, Martins Soares Municipality, Serra do Caparaó, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 20°23'37"S, 41°51'31"W, elevation about 1,015 meters.] from [].

Type_loc_lat changed to [-20.393611111111] from [0].

Type_loc_long changed to [-41.858611111111] from [0].

Literature changed to [Fishes v. 8: 474, pp 20, Figs. 3D, 5D, 6D, 7D, 11.] from [].

[changes]
Desc_by changed to [Costa, Katz & Vilardo] from [].

Year changed to [2023] from [0].

Original_desc changed to [y] from [].

Type_locality changed to [Córrego Tabuleiro II, a tributary of Rio Caratinga, Rio Doce basin, Santa Bárbara do Leste Municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 19°55'53"S, 42°08'27"W, elevation about 680 meters.] from [].

Type_loc_lat changed to [-19.931388888889] from [0].

Type_loc_long changed to [-42.140833333333] from [0].

Literature changed to [Fishes v. 8: 474, pp 13, Figs. 3B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 9.] from [].

[changes]
Desc_by changed to [Costa, Katz & Vilardo] from [].

Year changed to [2023] from [0].

Original_desc changed to [y] from [].

Type_locality changed to [Small stream tributary to Rio Boa Sorte, Rio Guandu drainage, Rio Doce basin, Afonso Claudio Municipality, Serra do Castelo, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, 20°11'40"S, 41°03'42"W, elevation about 630 meters.] from [].

Type_loc_lat changed to [-20.194444444444] from [0].

Type_loc_long changed to [-41.061666666667] from [0].

Literature changed to [Fishes v. 8: 474, pp 23, Figs. 3E, 5E, 6E, 7E, 12.] from [].

[changes]
Desc_by changed to [Kim, Yun & Park] from [].

Year changed to [2023] from [0].

Original_desc changed to [y] from [].

Type_locality changed to [Geum River, Namyang-myeon, Cheongyang-gun, South Korea, 36°23'41.66"N, 126°48'41.30"E.] from [].

Type_loc_lat changed to [36.394905555556] from [0].

Type_loc_long changed to [126.81147222222] from [0].

Literature changed to [ZooKeys No. 1180, pp 321, Figs. 1, 2A.] from [].

[changes]
Desc_by changed to [Provenzano, Machado-Allison, Chernoff, Willink & Petry] from [Provenzano, Machado-Allison, Chernoff, Willink & Petry].

Type_loc_notes changed to [Type locality estimated by comparing narrative of holotype (collected 1993) and to that of paratype with similar locality narrative (collected 2000).] from [].

Type_loc_lat changed to [6.3108] from [0].

Type_loc_long changed to [-64.4839] from [0].

Brazil_negative_list changed to [n] from [].

Etymology changed to [The species-group name, merevari, is the Ye-kuana name for the Caura River.] from [The species-group name, merevari, is the Ye-kuana name for the Caura River.].

Literature_url changed to [http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252005000400009] from [http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252005000400009].

[changes]
Brazil_negative_list changed to [n] from [].

Iucn_category changed to [NE] from [].

Genus_etymology changed to [According to Cuvier, Synodontis is an "ancient name for an undetermined fish from the Nile". It is apparently not derived, as often reported, from syn-, together and odous, tooth, presumed etymology of the lizardfish genus Synodus and in reference to the closely-spaced lower jaw teeth of both genera.] from [According to Cuvier, Synodontis is an "ancient name for an undetermined fish from the Nile". It is apparently not derived, as often reported, from syn-, together and odous, tooth, presumed etymology of the lizardfish genus Synodus and in reference to the closely-spaced lower jaw teeth of both genera.].

Sl changed to [150] from [0].

Genus_identification changed to [All species in the genus Synodontis have a hardened head cap that has attached a process (humeral process) which is situated behind the gill opening and pointed towards the posterior. The dorsal fin and pectoral fins have a hardened first ray which is serrated. Caudal fin is always forked. There is one pair of maxillary barbels, sometimes having membranes and occasionally branched. The two pairs of mandibular barbels are often branched and can have nodes attached. The cone-shaped teeth in the upper jaw are short. S-shaped and movable in the lower jaw. These fish produce audible sounds when disturbed rubbing the base of the pectoral spine against the pectoral girdle.] from [All species in the genus Synodontis have a hardened head cap that has attached a process (humeral process) which is situated behind the gill opening and pointed towards the posterior. The dorsal fin and pectoral fins have a hardened first ray which is serrated. Caudal fin is always forked. There is one pair of maxillary barbels, sometimes having membranes and occasionally branched. The two pairs of mandibular barbels are often branched and can have nodes attached. The cone-shaped teeth in the upper jaw are short. S-shaped and movable in the lower jaw. These fish produce audible sounds when disturbed rubbing the base of the pectoral spine against the pectoral girdle.].

Min_ph changed to [6.5] from [0.0].

Max_ph changed to [7.5] from [0.0].

Min_temp changed to [25] from [0.0].

Max_temp changed to [26.5] from [0.0].

[changes]
Brazil_negative_list changed to [n] from [].

Literature changed to [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 2 (no. 3), pp 430.] from [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 2 (no. 3), pp 430.].

Distribution changed to [Western Central Pacific: Sundaland and Indochina. Known from lowland rivers from Thailand to Indonesia and ascends the Mekong as far as Khoné Falls.] from [Western Central Pacific: Sundaland and Indochina. Known from lowland rivers from Thailand to Indonesia and ascends the Mekong as far as Khoné Falls.].

Breeding changed to [Known to be a mouthbrooder, the male's lower jaw extends hugely to accommodate large eggs and the fry once free swimming.] from [].